Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] Usage of the 'alpha/beta' test terminology originated at. Similar terminologies for IBM's software development were used by people involved with IBM from at least the 1950s (and probably earlier). 'A' test was the verification of a new product before the public announcement. 'B' test was the verification before releasing the product to be manufactured.

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'C' test was the final test before the general availability of the product. As software became a significant part of IBM's offerings, the alpha test terminology was used to denote the pre-announcement test and the beta test was used to show product readiness for general availability. Martin Belsky, a manager on some of IBM's earlier software projects claimed to have invented the terminology. IBM dropped the alpha/beta terminology during the 1960s, but by then it had received fairly wide notice. The usage of 'beta test' to refer to testing done by customers was not done in IBM.

Rather, IBM used the term 'field test'. Stages of development [ ] Pre-alpha [ ] Pre-alpha refers to all activities performed during the software project before formal testing. These activities can include,,,. In typical development, there are several types of pre-alpha versions. Milestone versions include specific sets of functions and are released as soon as the functionality is complete. Alpha [ ] The alpha phase of the release life cycle is the first phase to begin (alpha is the first letter of the, used as the number 1).

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In this phase, developers generally test the software using. Additional validation is then performed using or techniques, by another testing team. Moving to black-box testing inside the organization is known as alpha release. [ ] Alpha software can be unstable and could cause crashes or data loss. Alpha software may not contain all of the features that are planned for the final version. In general, external availability of alpha software is uncommon in, while often has publicly available alpha versions. The alpha phase usually ends with a, indicating that no more features will be added to the software.

At this time, the software is said to be. 'Beta test' redirects here.

For the film, see. Beta, named after, is the software development phase following alpha.

Software in the beta stage is also known as betaware. Beta phase generally begins when the software is feature complete but likely to contain a number of known or unknown bugs. Software in the beta phase will generally have many more bugs in it than completed software, speed or performance issues, and may still cause crashes or data loss.

The focus of beta testing is reducing impacts to users, often incorporating. The process of delivering a beta version to the users is called beta release and this is typically the first time that the software is available outside of the organization that developed it.

Software beta releases can either be public or private, depending on whether they openly available or only available to a limited audience. Beta version software is often useful for demonstrations and previews within an organization and to prospective customers. Some developers refer to this stage as a preview, preview release, prototype, technical preview / technology preview ( TP), or early access. Beta testers are people who actively report issues of beta software.

They are usually customers or representatives of prospective customers of the organization that develops the software. Beta testers tend to volunteer their services free of charge but often receive versions of the product they test, discounts on the release version, or other incentives. Perpetual beta [ ].

Main article: Some software is kept in perpetual beta, where new features and functionality are continually added to the software without establishing a final 'stable' release. As the has facilitated rapid and inexpensive distribution of software, companies have begun to take a looser approach to use of the word 'beta'. In February 2005, published an article about the recent phenomenon of a beta version often staying for years and being used as if it were in production level, disparagingly called 'perpetual beta'. It noted that and, for example, had been in beta for a long time although widely used; Google News did leave beta in January 2006, followed by, including Gmail, in July 2009. This technique may allow a developer to delay offering full support and responsibility for remaining issues. In the context of, people even talk of perpetual betas to signify that some software is meant to stay in beta state. Also, 'beta' is sometimes used to indicate something more like a, or as a form of time-limited demo, or marketing technique.